Understanding Soil

What is Soil? A mix of minerals, organic matter, air, and water that forms the upper layer of the Earth’s crust. Soil Composition: Typically 50% solid particles (sand, silt, clay, organic matter) and 50% pore space filled with air or water. Soil Types: Clay, silt, sand, loam—each with unique properties affecting water retention, fertility, and structure. Why It Matters: Soil is the foundation of terrestrial life—supporting plant growth, filtering water, cycling nutrients, and storing carbon.